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not seen. Baldwin's collection was indeed a second Cato collection such as the boys had in grammar school.'
Baldwin defines his subject thus:
moral/ Philosophye, whyche is the knowlage of preceptes of all honest maners, whiche reason acknowlageth to beelonge and appertayne to mans nature (as the thyng in whiche we differ from other beastes) and also is necessarye for the colt' gouernaunce of rnannes lyfe c
Baldwin then gives the divisions of his subject.
Of the kyndes of teachyng of morall Phylosophye. Cap. iiii.
All that haue wrytten of morail Phylosophye, haue for the most parte taught it, eyther by preceptes, cousel, & Iawes, or els by Prouerbes, parables, and Semblables. For whyche cause it may wel be deuided into thre kindest of which ye first is by counsels, lawes, and preceptes: of whiche Licurgus, Solon, Isocrates, Cato, and other more, haue written muche. Counseyling and admonishinge men to vertue by preceptes, and by their lawes fraiyng them from vice. The second kinde of teaching, is by prouerbes and Adages: which kinde, of Philosophers most commonly is vsed, in which they shew the contrarieties of thinges, preferryng alwaye the beste, declaryng thereby bothe the profites of vertue, and the incoueniences of vices, that we consideryng both, maye embrace the good, and esehewe the euill.
The thirde kind is by Parables, examples and Semblables. Wherin by easye and familiar truthes, harder thynges and more out of vse are de-dared, that by the one the other maye be better perceyued and borne in minde: whiche waye our sauioure Christ himselfe, whan he taught the grosse'ewes any diuine thing, most commonlye vsed. Parables, Semblables and examples, (though dyfferyng in sumwhat) draw all to one ende, and are therefore of one kynde. The whych kind Esopus most of all vsed, alludyng & brynging vnreasonable thinges to teache and instruct men, in graue and waighty matters.'
Baldwin then in his first editions divided his work into books ac-
6 On Baldwin, see Campbell, Lily B., The Mirror for Magistrates, pp. et if., and references.
e Baldwin, A treatise of Moral/ phylosophye (?xsso), B2v. I quote from this edition rather than from the first because I happen to possess a complete copy. This edition is not listed in S. T. C. and precedes No. less, the only copy of that edition listed being in the British Museum and lacking two leaves. I have also a copy of The treatise of Moral philosophie, coatayning the sayinges of the %use, newelye Bette foorthe and enlarged by Thomas Pau eyman, one of the Gentlemen of the Queues Majesties chapel/ ... Londini in aedibus Richardi Totteli, undated. This is Palfreyman's first revision, not in S. T. C. The Library of the University of Illinois has a copy of an edition of 1571 (not in S. T. C.), with a "genuine signature," so a bookseller vouches, of Shakspere poorly imitated from one of the "wiggly" facsimiles of early reproductions, which the Library cow-punchers have further improved by branding it with a cold iron. The reader may glean various further facts concerning the book from Trench, W. F., "William Baldwin," Modern Quarterly of Language and Literature, Vol. I, pp. eta if.
Baldwin, W., A treatise of Moral! phylosophye (?i cso), pp. Bev-Bgr.
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