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for searching only. 55o SMALL LATINE AND LESSE GREEKE
The Latin phraseology of the first line should also be noticed. Closer in phraseology to the first passage is the following, describing the battle of Caesar and Pompey.
odijs solus ciuilibus ensis Sufficit, & dextras Romana in uiscera ducit.7
For civil hatred the sword alone suffices, and guides right hands to Roman vitals.Î
Shakspere must be echoing this theme of Lucan. If he studied Lucan at all, this propositio is certainly one thing he would have been forced to learn at once. Even if he did not study Lucan, he could hardly have escaped knowledge of what Lucan proposed to do.'
For this was the conventional summary of Lucan. For instance, Sir Thomas Elyot says,
The two noble poetis / Silius & Lucane / be very expedient to be lerned: for the one setteth out the emulation in qualities & prowesse of two noble and valiant capitaynes / one enemy to the other / that is to say / Silius writeth of Scipio / the romane / & Haniball / duke of Cartaginensis: Lucane declareth a semblable mater / but moche more lamentable: for as moche as the wan-es were ciuile / and as it were in the bowelles of the Romanes / that is to say / vnder the standerdes of Julius Cesar and Pompei.1Î
Shakspere's phrase echoes the theme of Lucan, but it does not imply any direct contact with that author. Again in Macbeth Duncan says,
My plenteous joys,
Wanton in fulness, seek to hide themselves In drops of sorrow.11
Malonels parallels with Lucan
lacrymas non sponte cadentes
Effudit, gemitfisque expressit pectore laeto,
Non aliter manifesta putans abscondere mentis
Gaudia, quam lacrymis.t
he poured forth tears that fell not of their own accord, and uttered groans from a joyous heart, not thinking otherwise to conceal the transparent joyousness of his mind than'by tears."
7 Lucan (Lugduni, 156x), p. 172; Bk. VII. S Riley, Lucan (1853), pp. 275-276.
o Shakspere might also have found the idea and the phraseology, but not connected with Caesar, in another grammar school author. Justin writes, "Sic Macedonia in duas partes discurretibus ducibus in sua viscera armatur, ferre ; ab hostili hello in ciuile sanguine vet-tit" (Justin, Historia (London, 1572), p. 154).
L0 Elyot, Gouer'sour (1331), fol. 34v; Croft, Vol. I, pp. 6g-'7o. 11 Macbeth, I, 4, 33-35. " Malone, Variorum (1821), Vol. XI, pp. 55-56.
" Lucan (Lugduni, 1561), pp. 246-247; Bk. IX.
14 Riley, Lucan (1853), pp. 38o-381.
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