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the first book of Horace's Odes, and another of De drte Poetica.' The Odes were taught at Merchant Taylors' as early as 1572.4 Thus Hayne probably represents the practice at Merchant Taylors' from the be-ginning of the school, and the curriculum at Merchant Taylors' was apparently modelled, as we have seen, upon that at St. Paul's. So also was that at Norwich, where apparently the Odes and Satires were taught.
It will be seen that the Odes appear in five out of our six instances of specification, the Epistles and Satires in but two each, with Ed-wards and. Hayne giving in addition specific references to the firs Poetica, which was attached frequently to the Epistles, though at times it followed the Odes. Thus if Shakspere studied any Horace, he almost certainly began upon the Odes. These Odes were favorites because they illustrated so many forms of meter, and a disquisition upon their metrics is a regular feature of contemporary editions. If Shakspere is convicted of having studied the Odes, this is an important point to remember. Shakspere is likely to have supplemented the Odes with either the Satires or the Epistles. Since, as we have seen in the study of epistles, Shakspere appears to have used Ovid's Heroides as his text for the verse epistle, he is not so likely to have had the verse epistles of Horace principally for that purpose, but he may well have had some or all of them as literary criticism and moral philosophy.' The great epistle on poetic doctrine, Ars Poetica, he would not likely miss. Apparently, he had only the minimum requirement, consisting of Odes and Epistles, including the Ars Poetica, nor troubled later to acquire the Satires, even though Drant stood ready as he himself insisted to make all clear in English. The further significance of this particular minimum from Horace will be apparent as we proceed.
But to take up the different divisions of Horace, the Odes offer considerable evidence of rather close acquaintance on the part of Shakspere.' There is one quotation from an ode in the original. In Titus Andronicus, Demetrius examines the scroll which Titus has sent to him and his brother.
= See Vol. I, p. 400. ' Wilson, History, P. 39.
For illustration of how the Epistles might be emphasized as moral doctrine, the reader may turn to the Praelectiones Methadicae, j,ulbus orris Logicae analysis, 0 moralis doctrine ratio illustratur, Per Claudium Minoem Divionensem (1584).
Perhaps I should point out specifically that I have included a much greater proportion of the recorded parallels for Horace than for Ovid and Virgil. Especially for the Satires, I have included everything that could possibly have any evidential value.
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