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CHAPTER XXXII
SOME ENGLISH TREATMENTS OF LOGIC AND RHETORIC IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY
UPON THE BACKGROUND OF THE PRECEDING CHAPTER, we may now place various surviving hints on theory and practice from English-men of the sixteenth century. There is a valuable hint on ultimate rhetorical authority in Robert Whittinton's Vulgaria of 1520. The passage runs:
De vultus et gestus composition.
Preceptor. It is a rude maner, a chylde (haue he neuer so fyelde a tongue / and pleasaunt pronunciacyon) to stande styli lyke an asse: & on the other syde (as a carter) to be wanderynge of eyes. pykyng / or playenge ye foole with his hande / and vnstable of £note ... Therfore take hede. yt the contenaunce be made conformable to ye purpose: now with grauyte. now eherefull now rough. now ameable. shapen mete vnto ye mater (as I maye say) lyke a gloue to the hande . . . Also se yt the gesture be comely with semely & sobre mouynge: somtyme of the heed / somtyme of the hande / & fote: and as the cause requyreth with all the body . . . Of this thynges who playse to haue more full knowlege. let hym loke vpon Tullyes rhetorye.1
The "Tullyes rhetorye" upon which Whittinton was looking when he wrote this section was Tully's Orator, the rid M. Brutum Orator,2 though there is a passage of similar import in De Oratore a The corresponding section in the attributed 11d Herennium is still further removed from Whittinton's phraseology and ideas.4 Whittinton regards Orator as the ultimate authority upon pronunciatio, but speaks of it as a work of reference rather than as a textbook.
Leonard Cox, schoolmaster at Reading, presents his solution of the rhetorical problem for beginners about 1530 s But while Cox was a schoolmaster, yet his rhetoric was not intended solely for. grammar school.
And further more trustynge therby to do some pleasure and ease to suche as haue by neclygence or els false parsuasyons be put to the lernynge of
White, B., The Vulgaria of john Stanbridge and the Yulgaria of Robert Whittinton (E. E. T. S.), pp. z 14-z i 5. One would have liked a note on the source of this passage-and of others.
= Lambinus, D., Marti Ts/hi Ciceronis Opera Omnia (Paris, 1566, personal), Vol. I, pp. 252 ff.; Sandys, Ad M. Brutum Orator, pp. 67 if.
4 Larnbiuus, Ciceranis Opera Omnia (x566), Vol. I, pp. 2o3 if.
4 Tbid., Vol. I, pp. 25 if.
6 Carpenter, F. I., Leonard Cox, The Artie or Crafte of Rhellwryke, p. I2.
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